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Cardiac Valve Surgery, Mitral Valve Prolapse Treatment

Valve Repair or Replacement

Blood is pumped through your heart in only one direction. Heart Valves play a key role in this one-way blood flow, opening and closing with each heartbeat. Pressure changes on either side of the valves cause them to open their flap-like “doors” (called cusps or leaflets) at just the right time, then close tightly to prevent a backflow of blood.

There are 4 valves in the heart : -

* Tricuspid valve
* Pulmonary Valve
* Mitral valve
* Aortic valve

In the United States, surgeons perform about 99,000 Heart Valve operations each year. Nearly all of these operations are done to repair or replace the mitral or Aortic Valves. These valves are on the left side of the heart, which works harder than the right. They control the flow of oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the rest of the body.

If valve damage is mild, doctors may be able to treat it with medicines. If damage to the valve is severe, surgery to repair or replace the valve may be needed.

What is valve repair ?

Valve repair can usually be done on congenital valve defects (defects you are born with) and has a good success record with treating mitral valve defects.

Here are some procedures surgeons may use to repair a valve : -

* Commissurotomy, which is used for narrowed valves, where the leaflets are thickened and perhaps stuck together. The surgeon opens the valve by cutting the points where the leaflets meet.
* Valvuloplasty, which strengthens the leaflets to provide more support and to let the valve close tightly. This support comes from a ring-like device that surgeons attach around the outside of the valve opening.
* Reshaping, where the surgeon cuts out a section of a leaflet. Once the leaflet is sewn back together, the valve can close properly.
* Decalcification, which removes calcium buildup from the leaflets. Once the calcium is removed, the leaflets can close properly.
* Repair of structural support, which replaces or shortens the cords that give the valves support (these cords are called the chordae tendineae and the papillary muscles). When the cords are the right length, the valve can close properly.
* Patching, where the surgeon covers holes or tears in the leaflets with a tissue patch.

What is Valve Replacement ?

Severe valve damage means that the valve will need to be replaced. Valve replacement is most often used to treat aortic valves and severely damaged mitral valves. It is also used to treat any valve disease that is life-threatening. Sometimes, more than one valve may be damaged in the heart, so patients may need more than one repair or replacement.

There are 2 kinds of valves used for valve replacement : -

* Mechanical valves , which are usually made from materials such as plastic, carbon, or metal. Mechanical valves are strong, and they last a long time. Because blood tends to stick to mechanical valves and create blood clots, patients with these valves will need to take blood-thinning medicines (called anticoagulants) for the rest of their lives.

* Biological valves , which are made from animal tissue (called a xenograft) or taken from the human tissue of a donated heart (called an allograft or homograft). Sometimes, a patient’s own tissue can be used for valve replacement (called an autograft). Patients with biological valves usually do not need to take blood-thinning medicines. These valves are not as strong as mechanical valves, though, and they may need to be replaced every 10 years or so. Biological valves break down even faster in children and young adults, so these valves are used most often in elderly patients.

You and your doctor will decide which type of valve is best for you.

During valve repair or replacement surgery, the breastbone is divided, the heart is stopped, and blood is sent through a heart-lung machine. Because the heart or the aorta must be opened, Heart Valve Surgery is Open Heart Surgery.

 

 

 

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Minimally Invasive Aortic Valve Replacement

Cardiac Auscultation, an Audio Presentation, utilizing The Heart Sound Simulator with accompanying text and illustrations Lower the volume of your phonograph and listen with you stethoscope for realistic heart sounds. Complete set = 136 page book and Twelve (12) 45 records utilizing the Heart Sound Simulator. Records are: 1- Mitral StenosisCardiac 2- Splitting of sounds and second heart sound 3- First heart sound and murmurs (general considerations) 4- Mitral regurgitation 5- Abnormal and extra heart sounds 6- Review…

Video Seminar Series on Video Seminar Series on Echocardiography, Volume 4 (Echocardiography in Aortic Valve Disease) …

Percutaneous Aortic Valve Replacement $29.95 Aortic valve stenosis (AS) is a heart disease caused by the incomplete opening of the aortic valve in the heart. Under some circumstances, the aortic valve becomes narrower than normal, impeding the flow of blood. This is known as aortic valve stenosis, or aortic stenosis. While discussing traditional therapies for this condition, this talk will focus on valve replacement through a new, less invas…

New-JABSCO COMPACT BOWL MANUALLY OPERATED MARINE TOILET – 31425 $168.09 Manual ToiletYou may install JABSCO Compact bowl manually operated marine toilets in both power and sailing craft, either above or below the waterline, for use on sea, river, lake or canal. Your installation may discharge the waste either overboard (provided that your national and local regulations allow this), or into a treatment system or into an on-board holding tank (U.S.C.G. Marine Sanitation…

31425-JABSCO COMPACT BOWL MANUALLY OPERATED MARINE TOILET Manual ToiletYou may install JABSCO Compact bowl manually operated marine toilets in both power and sailing craft, either above or below the waterline, for use on sea, river, lake or canal. Your installation may discharge the waste either overboard (provided that your national and local regulations allow this), or into a treatment system or into an on-board holding tank (U.S.C.G. Marine Sanitation…

New-JABSCO REGULAR BOWL MANUALLY OPERATED MARINE TOILET – 31426 Manual ToiletYou may install JABSCO regular bowl manually operated marine toilets in both power and sailing craft, either above or below the waterline, for use on sea, river, lake or canal. Your installation may discharge the waste either overboard (provided that your national and local regulations allow this), or into a treatment system or into an on-board holding tank (U.S.C.G. Marine Sanitation…

Cardiac Surgery in the Adult, Fourth Edition $227.00 The most authoritative, comprehensive, and current cardiac surgery resource – completely updated and in full color DVD with surgical video clips “…the must-have resource for adult cardiac surgeons around the world. Dr. Cohn…has done a masterful job of keeping this text at the forefront of surgical thought and technique.”–Thomas B. Ferguson, MD, Washington University School …

Carpentier’s Reconstructive Valve Surgery, 1e $162.19 Carpentier’s Reconstructive Valve Surgery presents you with authoritative guidance on reconstructive techniques for degenerative mitral valve disease. Alain Carpentier, MD, PhD-who pioneered the field-David H. Adams, MD; and Farzan Filsoufi, MD provide step-by-step instructions for each procedure and over 200 detailed anatomic drawings so that you can effectively apply the techniques of a master. …

Aortic Root Surgery: The Biological Solution $79.00 The surgical treatment of the aortic valve and root disease, organic and ischemic mitral regurgitation, and endocarditis has made great strides. Still, there is the well-known dilemma: on the one hand the need for anticoagulation in patients with mechanical valves that otherwise guarantee long-term functioning and, on the other, the unpredictable durability of biological substitutes and of valve r…

Aortic Valve $65.33 High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles The aortic valve is one of the valves of the heart. It is normally tricuspid (with three leaflets), although in 1 of the population it is found to be congenitally bicuspid (two leaflets). It lies between the left ventricle and the aorta. During ventricular systole, pressure rises in the left ventricle. When the pressure in the left ventricle rises above the pressure in the aorta, the aortic valve opens, allowing blood to exit the left ventricle into the aorta. When ventricular systole ends, pressure in the left ventricle rapidly drops. When the pressure in the left ventricle decreases, the aortic pressure forces the aortic valve to close. The closure of the aortic valve contributes the A2 component of the second heart sound (S2). Author: Surhone, Lambert M./ Tennoe, Mariam T./ Henssonow, Susan F. Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 26 Publication Date: 2010/10/14 Language: English Dimensions: 9.02 x 5.98 x 0.06 inches

Gender and Aortic Stenosis $96.59 Aortic stenosis (AS) has become the most frequent valve disease and has extensively been studied in recent years. Although gender differences have gained increasing attention in cardiolgy, little is known about gender differences in presentation and surgical outcome of AS so far.In 408 consecutive pts. referred to surgery because of symptomatic AS baseline clinical and echocardiographic data as well as outcome data were analyzed with regard to potential gender differences. At presentation, female pts. were significantly older (73.7 9.3 vs. 66.5 11.5 years; p Author: Fuchs, Christina Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 60 Publication Date: 2008/07/01 Language: English Dimensions: 9.00 x 6.00 x 0.12 inches

Aortic Aneurysm $63.73 High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles An aortic aneurysm is a general term for any swelling of the aorta, usually representing an underlying weakness in the wall of the aorta at that location. While the stretched vessel may occasionally cause discomfort, a greater concern is the risk of rupture, which causes severe pain; massive internal hemorrhage; and, without prompt treatment, results in a quick death. Author: Miller, Frederic P./ Vandome, Agnes F./ McBrewster, John Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 64 Publication Date: 2010/11/20 Language: English Dimensions: 9.02 x 5.98 x 0.15 inches

Diagnosis and Treatment of Aortic Diseases $380.76 This book is an uptodate summary of all aspects of aortic disease, written by international experts in their fields, covering diagnostic concepts of all aortic diseases, the most modern therapeutic approaches in various aortic syndromes, the pathogenic origin and the most recent molecular and cellular findings that have revolutionized our present knowledge of aortic diseases. The reader will come to understand the aorta as a functional organ with a complex regulatory system rather than just a major arterial vessel, and will have a better understanding of the prognostic impact of various aortic syndromes, and of the most recent therapeutic concepts for chronic as well as acute aortic pathology. As a unique feature of this book, the aorta is placed in the center of systemic illnesses, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension, infectious diseases and connective tissue disorders, storage diseases, trauma and toxic factors; this concept aims to attract the attention of both clinical specialties such as cardiology, radiology and cardiovascular surgery and adjacent areas like pathology and clinical genetics. The book portrays the aorta as an integral part of the cardiovascular system and the entire organism and features the complexity and clinical impact of all major aortic diseases. Author: Nienaber, Christoph A./ Fattori, Rossella/ Nienaber, C. a. Series Title: Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine Series Number: 212 Binding Type: Hardcover Number of Pages: 292 Publication Date: 1999/03/31 Language: English Dimensions: 9.21 x 6.14 x 0.69 inches

Aortic Dissection and Related Syndromes $364.83 This stateof theart publication is a result of the combined efforts of participants from the International Registry of Aortic Dissection (IRAD). It is the most comprehensive reference on aortic dissectionThe book has been divided into sections. Each chapter provides a succinct overview of the current clinical literature and incorporates illustrations for further explanation. Author: Baliga, Ragavendra/ Nienaber, Christoph A./ Isselbacher, Eric M. Series Title: Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine Series Number: 260 Binding Type: Hardcover Number of Pages: 364 Publication Date: 2006/12/18 Language: English Dimensions: 9.47 x 6.46 x 0.79 inches

Active Infective Aortic Valve Endocarditis with Infection Extension : Clinical Features, Perioperative Echocardiographic Findings and Results of Surgical Treatm $63.33 No Synopsis Available

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Aortic Surgery $168.68 No Synopsis Available

Heart Valve $81.25 High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles A heart valve normally allows blood to flow through it in only one direction. There are four in a mammalian heart and they determine the pathway of blood flow through the heart. A heart valve opens or closes depending on the different pressures on each side of it. The four valves in the heart are: The two atrioventricular (AV) valves, which are between the atria and the ventricles, are the mitral valve and the tricuspid valve. The two semilunar (SL) valves, which are in the arteries leaving the heart, are the aortic valve and the pulmonary valve. Author: Surhone, Lambert M./ Tennoe, Mariam T./ Henssonow, Susan F. Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 108 Publication Date: 2011/12/19 Language: English Dimensions: 9.02 x 5.98 x 0.26 inches

Medifocus Guidebook On: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm $11.79 The MediFocus Guidebook on Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm is the most comprehensive, up-to-date source of information available. You will get answers to your questions, including risk factors of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm, standard and alternative treatment options, leading doctors, hospitals and medical centers that specialize in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm, results of the latest clinical trials, support groups and additional resources, and promising new treatments on the horizon. This one of a kind Guidebook offers answers to your critical health questions including the latest treatments, clinical trials, and expert research; high quality, professional level information you can trust and understand culled from the latest peer-reviewed journals; and a unique resource to find leading experts, institutions, and support organizations including contact information and hyperlinks. This Guidebook was updated on March 25, 2010.

Advances in Understanding Aortic Diseases $180.59 No Synopsis Available

Advances in Cardiac and Aortic Surgery $85.99 No Synopsis Available

Complex Aortic Surgery $191.05 No Synopsis Available

Chronic Aortic Regurgitation $508.21 Author: Gaasch, William H./ Levine, Herbert J. Series Title: Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine Series Number: 85 Binding Type: Hardcover Number of Pages: 272 Publication Date: 1988/08/31 Language: English Dimensions: 9.21 x 6.14 x 0.69 inches

ENDOVASCULAR SURGERY FOR AORTIC ANEURYSMS $100.43 No Synopsis Available

Acute Aortic Disease $273 No Synopsis Available

Thoracic Aortic Diseases $350.03 No Synopsis Available

Aortic Dissection And Related Syndromes $189.15 No Synopsis Available

A HANDBOOK OF AORTIC VALVE DISEASE $23.99 Alok Ranjan,Hardcover, English-language edition,Pub by AuthorHouse

A HANDBOOK OF AORTIC VALVE DISEASE $3.99 Alok Ranjan,NOOK Book (eBook), English-language edition,Pub by AuthorHouse

A HANDBOOK OF AORTIC VALVE DISEASE $14.95 Alok Ranjan,Paperback, English-language edition,Pub by AuthorHouse

A Handbook of Aortic Valve Disease $14.95 Used – “A Handbook of Aortic Valve Disease” contains a detailed description of the disease. Etiology, pathogenesis and hemodynamics of Aortic Stenosis and Regurgitation have been dealt in simple and comprehensible manner. Special effort has been made to explain the clinical features (Symptoms and signs) of aortic valve disease. Probably the clinical features is the forgotten art in the newer text books. However, the author has taken a special interest to include a detailed description of clinica

A Handbook of Aortic Valve Disease $23.99 New – “A Handbook of Aortic Valve Disease” contains a detailed description of the disease. Etiology, pathogenesis and hemodynamics of Aortic Stenosis and Regurgitation have been dealt in simple and comprehensible manner. Special effort has been made to explain the clinical features (Symptoms and signs) of aortic valve disease. Probably the clinical features is the forgotten art in the newer text books. However, the author has taken a special interest to include a detailed description of clinical

A Handbook of Aortic Valve Disease $14.47 Used – “A Handbook of Aortic Valve Disease” contains a detailed description of the disease. Etiology, pathogenesis and hemodynamics of Aortic Stenosis and Regurgitation have been dealt in simple and comprehensible manner. Special effort has been made to explain the clinical features (Symptoms and signs) of aortic valve disease. Probably the clinical features is the forgotten art in the newer text books. However, the author has taken a special interest to include a detailed description of clinica

A Handbook of Aortic Valve Disease $14.95 New – “A Handbook of Aortic Valve Disease” contains a detailed description of the disease. Etiology, pathogenesis and hemodynamics of Aortic Stenosis and Regurgitation have been dealt in simple and comprehensible manner. Special effort has been made to explain the clinical features (Symptoms and signs) of aortic valve disease. Probably the clinical features is the forgotten art in the newer text books. However, the author has taken a special interest to include a detailed description of clinical

A Handbook of Aortic Valve Disease $14.95 Used – “A Handbook of Aortic Valve Disease” contains a detailed description of the disease. Etiology, pathogenesis and hemodynamics of Aortic Stenosis and Regurgitation have been dealt in simple and comprehensible manner. Special effort has been made to explain the clinical features (Symptoms and signs) of aortic valve disease. Probably the clinical features is the forgotten art in the newer text books. However, the author has taken a special interest to include a detailed description of clinica

A Handbook of Aortic Valve Disease $14.31 Used – “A Handbook of Aortic Valve Disease” contains a detailed description of the disease. Etiology, pathogenesis and hemodynamics of Aortic Stenosis and Regurgitation have been dealt in simple and comprehensible manner. Special effort has been made to explain the clinical features (Symptoms and signs) of aortic valve disease. Probably the clinical features is the forgotten art in the newer text books. However, the author has taken a special interest to include a detailed description of clinica

A Slide Atlas of Echocardiography $270.74 New – This is a first-rate series of color slides for classroom and lecture work with echocardiography. More than 100 slides slipcased in a specially designed hardcover binder provide superb images with detailed captions explaining interpretation of echocardiographs of the normal heart, aortic and mitral valve disease, prosthetic valves, endocarditis, ischemic disease including left ventricular function, cardiomyopathies, pericardial effusion, aortic disease, congenital disease, normal variants,

A Slide Atlas of Echocardiography $75.86 Used – This is a first-rate series of color slides for classroom and lecture work with echocardiography. More than 100 slides slipcased in a specially designed hardcover binder provide superb images with detailed captions explaining interpretation of echocardiographs of the normal heart, aortic and mitral valve disease, prosthetic valves, endocarditis, ischemic disease including left ventricular function, cardiomyopathies, pericardial effusion, aortic disease, congenital disease, normal variants

A Slide Atlas of Echocardiography $131.3 Used – This is a first-rate series of color slides for classroom and lecture work with echocardiography. More than 100 slides slipcased in a specially designed hardcover binder provide superb images with detailed captions explaining interpretation of echocardiographs of the normal heart, aortic and mitral valve disease, prosthetic valves, endocarditis, ischemic disease including left ventricular function, cardiomyopathies, pericardial effusion, aortic disease, congenital disease, normal variants

A Slide Atlas of Echocardiography $425.95 New – This is a first-rate series of color slides for classroom and lecture work with echocardiography. More than 100 slides slipcased in a specially designed hardcover binder provide superb images with detailed captions explaining interpretation of echocardiographs of the normal heart, aortic and mitral valve disease, prosthetic valves, endocarditis, ischemic disease including left ventricular function, cardiomyopathies, pericardial effusion, aortic disease, congenital disease, normal variants,

Active Infective Aortic Valve Endocarditis with Infection Extension $53.71 New – Active infective endocarditis is one of the most serious diseases of the heart. Infection often causes periannular abscess, and may also spread to affect the mitral valve structures. This complication carries a high mortality rate and valve replacement followed by intensive care and antibiotic treatment may be the only option to save patients lives. Severe hemodynamic depression caused by bacterial shock, is today no longer a counter-indication, and the second major risk factor, that of po

Active Infective Aortic Valve Endocarditis with Infection Extension $53.71 Used – Active infective endocarditis is one of the most serious diseases of the heart. Infection often causes periannular abscess, and may also spread to affect the mitral valve structures. This complication carries a high mortality rate and valve replacement followed by intensive care and antibiotic treatment may be the only option to save patients lives. Severe hemodynamic depression caused by bacterial shock, is today no longer a counter-indication, and the second major risk factor, that of p

Active Infective Aortic Valve Endocarditis with Infection Extension $37.98 Used – Active infective endocarditis is one of the most serious diseases of the heart. Infection often causes periannular abscess, and may also spread to affect the mitral valve structures. This complication carries a high mortality rate and valve replacement followed by intensive care and antibiotic treatment may be the only option to save patients lives. Severe hemodynamic depression caused by bacterial shock, is today no longer a counter-indication, and the second major risk factor, that of p

Active Infective Aortic Valve Endocarditis with Infection Extension $37.98 New – Active infective endocarditis is one of the most serious diseases of the heart. Infection often causes periannular abscess, and may also spread to affect the mitral valve structures. This complication carries a high mortality rate and valve replacement followed by intensive care and antibiotic treatment may be the only option to save patients lives. Severe hemodynamic depression caused by bacterial shock, is today no longer a counter-indication, and the second major risk factor, that of po

Adam’s Heart: An Inspiring Story about One Man’s Fight Against Heart Disease $10.95 In the inspirational autobiography Adam”s Heart, author Adam Robinson shares his life-changing ordeal with heart disease.At the age of twenty-four, author Adam Robinson went in for a routine physical and was told that he had a heart condition. After deciding that it was better to put off the surgery to allow for advances in technology, Adam didn”t think much about his condition until he suffered from a heart attack at age twenty-nine. Days later he had open-heart surgery to replace his aortic valve. Adam recovered quickly and his heart was repaired-but not his mind. For many years Adam was on disability income, depressed and obese, and was in a tremendous amount of pain. But he finally made the conscious decision to get physically fit. He is now learning how to control the old habits that were harming his body, such as eating lots of fast food, drinking too much soda, and too many trips to the popular all-you-can-eat buffet lines.Even though he sometimes struggles to maintain his fitness regimen, Adam is strong in mind, body, and sprit. He has vowed to continue the fight to keep healthy, not only for himself, but also for the ones that he loves.

Advances in Cardiac and Aortic Surgery, An Issue of Surgical Clinics $3.84 Proposed topics for this issue include: Cardiac Screening Prior to Non-Cardiac Surgery ; Non-Invasive Imaging of the Heart and Coronary Arteries; Cardiopulmonary Bypass / ECMO / Left Heart Bypass: Indications, Techniques and Complications; On Pump versus Off Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting; Surgical Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation; Minimally Invasive Valve Surgery; Valve Sparing Aortic Root Operations; Great Vessel, Aortic and Cardiac Trauma; Indications for the Treatment of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms; Stent Grafts for Thoracic Aortic Pathology; Approach to the Treatment of Aortic Dissections; Indications and Treatment of Great Vessel Occlusive Disease; Surgical Therapy for the Failing Heart (DOR / VAD / Transplantation); Current Status of Percutaneous Valve Therapy; Congenital Heart Surgery in the Adult.

Aging Hearts and Arteries: A Scientific Quest $15.74 New – Original publisher: [Washington, D.C.]: United States National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, [2005] OCLC Number: (OCoLC)70247449 Subject: Heart — Aging. Excerpt: …4 5 Electrical impulse spreads to Ventricles contract, aortic ventricles via atrioventricular node valve opens, blood is ejected from the heart ( systole ) ventricle fills more slowly with blood, does this Why should early diastolic filling slow down as mean it has less blood pooled at the end of diastole

Aging Hearts and Arteries: A Scientific Quest $15.74 Used – Original publisher: [Washington, D.C.]: United States National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, [2005] OCLC Number: (OCoLC)70247449 Subject: Heart — Aging. Excerpt: …4 5 Electrical impulse spreads to Ventricles contract, aortic ventricles via atrioventricular node valve opens, blood is ejected from the heart ( systole ) ventricle fills more slowly with blood, does this Why should early diastolic filling slow down as mean it has less blood pooled at the end of diastole

Aging Hearts and Arteries: A Scientific Quest $21.14 Used – Original publisher: [Washington, D.C.]: United States National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, [2005] OCLC Number: (OCoLC)70247449 Subject: Heart — Aging. Excerpt: …4 5 Electrical impulse spreads to Ventricles contract, aortic ventricles via atrioventricular node valve opens, blood is ejected from the heart ( systole ) ventricle fills more slowly with blood, does this Why should early diastolic filling slow down as mean it has less blood pooled at the end of diastole

Aging Hearts and Arteries: A Scientific Quest $23.99 New – Original publisher: [Washington, D.C.]: United States National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, [2005] OCLC Number: (OCoLC)70247449 Subject: Heart — Aging. Excerpt: …4 5 Electrical impulse spreads to Ventricles contract, aortic ventricles via atrioventricular node valve opens, blood is ejected from the heart ( systole ) ventricle fills more slowly with blood, does this Why should early diastolic filling slow down as mean it has less blood pooled at the end of diastole

Annuloaortic Ectasia $44.4 New – Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Annuloaortic ectasia is a dilatation of the proximal ascending aorta and aortic annulus. It may cause aortic regurgitation, thoracic aortic dissection, aneurysm and rupture. It is often associated with Marfan syndrome. It can also be a complication due to tertiary syphilis. In tertiary syphilis the aortic root becomes so dilated that the aortic valve becomes incom

Annuloaortic Ectasia $25.84 New – Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Annuloaortic ectasia is a dilatation of the proximal ascending aorta and aortic annulus. It may cause aortic regurgitation, thoracic aortic dissection, aneurysm and rupture. It is often associated with Marfan syndrome. It can also be a complication due to tertiary syphilis. In tertiary syphilis the aortic root becomes so dilated that the aortic valve becomes incom

Annuloaortic Ectasia $44.4 Used – Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Annuloaortic ectasia is a dilatation of the proximal ascending aorta and aortic annulus. It may cause aortic regurgitation, thoracic aortic dissection, aneurysm and rupture. It is often associated with Marfan syndrome. It can also be a complication due to tertiary syphilis. In tertiary syphilis the aortic root becomes so dilated that the aortic valve becomes inco

Annuloaortic Ectasia $25.84 Used – Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Annuloaortic ectasia is a dilatation of the proximal ascending aorta and aortic annulus. It may cause aortic regurgitation, thoracic aortic dissection, aneurysm and rupture. It is often associated with Marfan syndrome. It can also be a complication due to tertiary syphilis. In tertiary syphilis the aortic root becomes so dilated that the aortic valve becomes inco

Aortic Insufficiency $36.77 New – Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Aortic insufficiency also known as aortic regurgitation, is the leaking of the aortic valve of the heart that causes blood to flow in the reverse direction during ventricular diastole, from the aorta into the left ventricle.

Aortic Insufficiency $31.55 Used – Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Aortic insufficiency also known as aortic regurgitation, is the leaking of the aortic valve of the heart that causes blood to flow in the reverse direction during ventricular diastole, from the aorta into the left ventricle.

Aortic Insufficiency $42.54 Used – Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Aortic insufficiency also known as aortic regurgitation, is the leaking of the aortic valve of the heart that causes blood to flow in the reverse direction during ventricular diastole, from the aorta into the left ventricle.