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India is a Mecca for minimal cost Heart Valve Disease Treatment

Heart Valve Disease Treatment in India with economical, affordable, budget saving, world-class facilities, best accommodation, this is exactly what medical tourism brought for you in India. As health care costs skyrocket, patients in the developed world are looking overseas for medical treatment. India is capitalizing on its low costs and highly trained doctors to appeal to these “medical tourists”. Many countries have developed links for speedy treatments in India for their nationals on account of the fact that in these countries one has to wait for extended periods of time to undergo operations. The reason India is a favorable destination is because of it’s infrastructure and technology in which is in par with those in USA, UK and Europe. India has some of the best hospitals and treatment centers in the world with the best facilities. Health care centers of Delhi, Goa, and Kerala fulfill the same requirements for Heart valve disease treatment in India.

Heart valve disease also known as Valvular Heart Disease. Heart valve disease is a condition in which one or more of your Heart Valves don’t work properly. The heart consists of four chambers, two atria (upper chambers) and two ventricles (lower chambers). There is a valve through which blood passes before leaving each chamber of the heart. The valves prevent the backward flow of blood. These valves are actual flaps that are located on each end of the two ventricles (lower chambers of the heart). They act as one-way inlets of blood on one side of a ventricle and one-way outlets of blood on the other side of a ventricle. Normal valves have three flaps, except the mitral valve, which has two flaps.

When the ventricles are full, the mitral and tricuspid valves shut. This prevents blood from flowing backward into the atria while the ventricles contract (squeeze). As the ventricles begin to contract, the pulmonic and Aortic Valves are forced open and blood is pumped out of the ventricles through the open valves into the pulmonary artery toward the lungs, the aorta, and the body. When the ventricles finish contracting and begin to relax, the aortic and pulmonic valves snap shut. These valves prevent blood from flowing back into the ventricles. This pattern is repeated over and over, causing blood to flow continuously to the heart, lungs and body.

Types of different Heart valve disease in India:

There are several types of heart valve disease.

1. Valvular Stenosis: This occurs when a valve opening is smaller than normal due to stiff or fused leaflets. The narrowed opening may make the heart work very hard to pump blood through it. This can lead to heart failure and other symptoms (see below). All four valves can be stenotic (hardened, restricting blood flow); the conditions are called tricuspid stenosis, pulmonic stenosis, mitral stenosis or Aortic Stenosis.

1. Valvular insufficiency: Also called Regurgitation, incompetence or “leaky valve”, this occurs when a valve does not close tightly. If the valves do not seal, some blood will leak backwards across the valve. As the leak worsens, the heart has to work harder to make up for the leaky valve, and less blood may flow to the rest of the body. Depending on which valve is affected, the conditioned is called tricuspid regurgitation, pulmonary regurgitation, mitral regurgitation or aortic regurgitation.

Causes for heart valve disease in India:

Valve disease can develop before birth (congenital) or can be acquired sometime during one’s lifetime. Sometimes the cause of valve disease is unknown.

Congenital valve disease: Most often affects the aortic or pulmonic valve. Valves may be the wrong size, have malformed leaflets, or have leaflets that are not attached to the annulus correctly.

Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease is a congenital valve disease that affects The Aortic Valve. Instead of the normal three leaflets or cusps, the bicuspid aortic valve has only two. Without the third leaflet, the valve may be stiff (unable to open or close properly) or leaky (not able close tightly).

Acquired valve disease This includes problems that develop with valves that were once normal. These may involve changes in the structure or your valve due to a variety of diseases or infections, including rheumatic fever or endocarditis.

Symptoms of Heart valve disease in India:

Mild heart valve disease may not cause any symptoms. The following are the most common symptoms of heart valve disease. However, each individual in India may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may vary depending on the type of heart valve disease present and may include:

1. Chest pain
2. Palpitations caused by irregular heartbeats
3. migraine headaches
4. fatigue
5. dizziness
6. low or high blood pressure, depending on which valve disease is present
7. shortness of breath
8. abdominal pain due to an enlarged liver (if there is tricuspid valve malfunction)

Symptoms of heart valve disease in India may resemble other medical conditions and problems. Always consult your physician for a diagnosis.

Treatment for heart valve disease in India:

In some cases, the only treatment for heart valve disease may be careful medical supervision. However, other treatment options may include medication, surgery to repair the valve, or surgery to replace the valve. Specific treatment will be determined by your physician based on:

1. your age, overall health and medical history
2. extent of the disease
3. the location of the valve
4. your signs and symptoms
5. your tolerance for specific medication, procedures, or therapies
6. expectations for the course of the disease
7. your opinion or preference

Treatment varies, depending on the type of heart valve disease, and may include one, or a combination of methods.

In India, medical treatment is not only fast but also costs a fraction of what it costs in USA or Europe for Heart valve disease. Even tele-consultancy is available for expert opinion and transmission facilities. Some of the states have already established themselves as destinations for health care and medical tourism. Medical tourism has become a common form of vacationing, and covers a broad spectrum of medical services. Medical tourism mixes leisure, fun and relaxation together with wellness and healthcare. In addition to the excellent medical facilities, the country boasts many attractions that appeal to medical tourists who are interested in experiencing the culture, recuperating on a beach or taking in the many natural wonders.

About the Author

For more details about heart valve disease treatment in India, please log on to: www.indiacardiacsurgerysite.com or mail your queries at info@indiacardiacsurgerysite.com, +91-9579119451

Bicuspid Aortic Valve Surgery

The bicuspid condition of the aortic valves …

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Aortic Root Surgery: The Biological Solution $132.99 The surgical treatment of the aortic valve and root disease, organic and ischemic mitral regurgitation, and endocarditis has made great strides. Still, there is the well-known dilemma: on the one hand the need for anticoagulation in patients with mechanical valves that otherwise guarantee long-term functioning and, on the other, the unpredictable durability of biological substitutes and of valve repair procedures which, per se, do not require anticoagulation. The choice of procedure is determined by factors such as patients’ age, metabolic and bleeding disorders, and bleeding preconditions, as well as such critical issues as the desire to bear children in young women. The book contains a collection of proceedings of The Berlin Heart Valve Symposium 2008 and The Berlin Mitral Valve Repair Symposium at the joint meeting of the Society for Heart Valve Disease and the Heart Valve Society of America in June 2009. It will be attended by internationally renowned experts who will focus on current surgical approaches to and evolving trends in aortic and mitral valve repair, aortic root and valve replacement with pulmonary autograft, aortic allograft, stentless and stented bioprostheses. Further contributions will deal with recent advances in catheter-based percutaneous and transapical techniques, ablation techniques for atrial fibrillation, tissue engineering of heart valves, multi-modality imaging, and anticoagulation.

Gender and Aortic Stenosis $96.59 Aortic stenosis (AS) has become the most frequent valve disease and has extensively been studied in recent years. Although gender differences have gained increasing attention in cardiolgy, little is known about gender differences in presentation and surgical outcome of AS so far.In 408 consecutive pts. referred to surgery because of symptomatic AS baseline clinical and echocardiographic data as well as outcome data were analyzed with regard to potential gender differences. At presentation, female pts. were significantly older (73.7 9.3 vs. 66.5 11.5 years; p Author: Fuchs, Christina Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 60 Publication Date: 2008/07/01 Language: English Dimensions: 9.00 x 6.00 x 0.12 inches

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Diagnosis and Treatment of Aortic Diseases $380.76 This book is an uptodate summary of all aspects of aortic disease, written by international experts in their fields, covering diagnostic concepts of all aortic diseases, the most modern therapeutic approaches in various aortic syndromes, the pathogenic origin and the most recent molecular and cellular findings that have revolutionized our present knowledge of aortic diseases. The reader will come to understand the aorta as a functional organ with a complex regulatory system rather than just a major arterial vessel, and will have a better understanding of the prognostic impact of various aortic syndromes, and of the most recent therapeutic concepts for chronic as well as acute aortic pathology. As a unique feature of this book, the aorta is placed in the center of systemic illnesses, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension, infectious diseases and connective tissue disorders, storage diseases, trauma and toxic factors; this concept aims to attract the attention of both clinical specialties such as cardiology, radiology and cardiovascular surgery and adjacent areas like pathology and clinical genetics. The book portrays the aorta as an integral part of the cardiovascular system and the entire organism and features the complexity and clinical impact of all major aortic diseases. Author: Nienaber, Christoph A./ Fattori, Rossella/ Nienaber, C. a. Series Title: Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine Series Number: 212 Binding Type: Hardcover Number of Pages: 292 Publication Date: 1999/03/31 Language: English Dimensions: 9.21 x 6.14 x 0.69 inches

Anesthesia and Perioperative Care for Aortic Surgery $187.81 This book is the first of its kind – a comprehensive reference for anesthesia and perioperative clinicians involved in aortic surgery. With a primary focus on anesthesia for various aortic surgical procedures, including endovascular aortic surgery, the title also provides expanded coverage of CNS monitoring and protection, intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography, renal and spinal cord protection during surgery, management of aortic trauma, and postoperative care. Written by top cardiac anesthesiologists, surgeons, and intensivists, this indispensable reference provides everything you need to know about the burgeoning field of aortic surgery in one handy volume.

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Mitral Valve Repair: The Biological Solution $91.06 The surgical treatment of the aortic valve and root disease, organic and ischemic mitral regurgitation, and endocarditis has made great strides. Still, there is the well-known dilemma: on the one hand the need for anticoagulation in patients with mechanical valves that otherwise guarantee long-term functioning and, on the other, the unpredictable durability of biological substitutes and of valve repair procedures which, per se, do not require anticoagulation. The choice of procedure is determined by factors such as patients’ age, metabolic and bleeding disorders, and bleeding preconditions, as well as such critical issues as the desire to bear children in young women. The book contains a collection of proceedings of The Berlin Heart Valve Symposium 2008 and The Berlin Mitral Valve Repair Symposium at the joint meeting of the Society for Heart Valve Disease and the Heart Valve Society of America in June 2009. It will be attended by internationally renowned experts who will focus on current surgical approaches to and evolving trends in aortic and mitral valve repair, aortic root and valve replacement with pulmonary autograft, aortic allograft, stentless and stented bioprostheses. Further contributions will deal with recent advances in catheter-based percutaneous and transapical techniques, ablation techniques for atrial fibrillation, tissue engineering of heart valves, multi-modality imaging, and anticoagulation.

Heart Valve $81.25 High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles A heart valve normally allows blood to flow through it in only one direction. There are four in a mammalian heart and they determine the pathway of blood flow through the heart. A heart valve opens or closes depending on the different pressures on each side of it. The four valves in the heart are: The two atrioventricular (AV) valves, which are between the atria and the ventricles, are the mitral valve and the tricuspid valve. The two semilunar (SL) valves, which are in the arteries leaving the heart, are the aortic valve and the pulmonary valve. Author: Surhone, Lambert M./ Tennoe, Mariam T./ Henssonow, Susan F. Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 108 Publication Date: 2011/12/19 Language: English Dimensions: 9.02 x 5.98 x 0.26 inches

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Aortic Opening $46.8 Used – Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. The aortic opening (aortic orifice) is a circular aperture, in front and to the right of the atrioventricular, from which it is separated by the anterior cusp of the bicuspid valve. Its orifice is guarded by the aortic semilunar valves. The portion of the ventricle immediately below the aortic orifice is termed the aortic vestibule, and possesses fibrous instead

Aortic Opening $26.93 Used – Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. The aortic opening (aortic orifice) is a circular aperture, in front and to the right of the atrioventricular, from which it is separated by the anterior cusp of the bicuspid valve. Its orifice is guarded by the aortic semilunar valves. The portion of the ventricle immediately below the aortic orifice is termed the aortic vestibule, and possesses fibrous instead

Aortic Opening $26.93 New – Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. The aortic opening (aortic orifice) is a circular aperture, in front and to the right of the atrioventricular, from which it is separated by the anterior cusp of the bicuspid valve. Its orifice is guarded by the aortic semilunar valves. The portion of the ventricle immediately below the aortic orifice is termed the aortic vestibule, and possesses fibrous instead o

Aortic Opening $46.8 New – Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. The aortic opening (aortic orifice) is a circular aperture, in front and to the right of the atrioventricular, from which it is separated by the anterior cusp of the bicuspid valve. Its orifice is guarded by the aortic semilunar valves. The portion of the ventricle immediately below the aortic orifice is termed the aortic vestibule, and possesses fibrous instead o

Diseases of the Aorta: Aorta, Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm, Aortic Dissection, Aortic Valve Stenosis, Michael E. Debakey, Takeshi Aono $16.97 New – Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 34. Chapters: Aorta, Abdominal aortic aneurysm, Aortic dissection, Aortic valve stenosis, Michael E. DeBakey, Takeshi Aono, Coarctation of the aorta, Carotid artery dissection, Endovascular aneurysm repair, Traumatic aortic rupture, Acute aortic syndrome, Einojuhani Rautavaara, Bicuspid aortic valve, Coronary artery dissection, Thoracic aortic aneurysm, Esm

Diseases of the Aorta: Aorta, Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm, Aortic Dissection, Aortic Valve Stenosis, Michael E. Debakey, Takeshi Aono $10.78 Used – Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 34. Chapters: Aorta, Abdominal aortic aneurysm, Aortic dissection, Aortic valve stenosis, Michael E. DeBakey, Takeshi Aono, Coarctation of the aorta, Carotid artery dissection, Endovascular aneurysm repair, Traumatic aortic rupture, Acute aortic syndrome, Einojuhani Rautavaara, Bicuspid aortic valve, Coronary artery dissection, Thoracic aortic aneurysm, Es

Diseases of the Aorta: Aorta, Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm, Aortic Dissection, Aortic Valve Stenosis, Michael E. Debakey, Takeshi Aono $16.97 Used – Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 34. Chapters: Aorta, Abdominal aortic aneurysm, Aortic dissection, Aortic valve stenosis, Michael E. DeBakey, Takeshi Aono, Coarctation of the aorta, Carotid artery dissection, Endovascular aneurysm repair, Traumatic aortic rupture, Acute aortic syndrome, Einojuhani Rautavaara, Bicuspid aortic valve, Coronary artery dissection, Thoracic aortic aneurysm, Es

Diseases of the Aorta: Aorta, Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm, Aortic Dissection, Aortic Valve Stenosis, Michael E. Debakey, Takeshi Aono $10.78 New – Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 34. Chapters: Aorta, Abdominal aortic aneurysm, Aortic dissection, Aortic valve stenosis, Michael E. DeBakey, Takeshi Aono, Coarctation of the aorta, Carotid artery dissection, Endovascular aneurysm repair, Traumatic aortic rupture, Acute aortic syndrome, Einojuhani Rautavaara, Bicuspid aortic valve, Coronary artery dissection, Thoracic aortic aneurysm, Esm

Essentials of Physical Diagnosis of the Thorax $16.39 Used – Excerpt from book: THE AORTIC valve lies close to the left sternal line, behind the third intercostal space. AURICULO-VENTRICULAR VALVES. THE TRICUSPID valve lies behind the meso-sternal line about the level of the fourth costal cartilage. THE BICUSPID or mitral valve lies about one inch to the left of the sternum behind the third intercostal space. LANDMABKS OF THE AORTA. The aorta is most superficial in the right second intercostal space at the edge of the sternum. The arch of the aorta

Essentials of Physical Diagnosis of the Thorax $24.74 New – Excerpt from book: THE AORTIC valve lies close to the left sternal line, behind the third intercostal space. AURICULO-VENTRICULAR VALVES. THE TRICUSPID valve lies behind the meso-sternal line about the level of the fourth costal cartilage. THE BICUSPID or mitral valve lies about one inch to the left of the sternum behind the third intercostal space. LANDMABKS OF THE AORTA. The aorta is most superficial in the right second intercostal space at the edge of the sternum. The arch of the aorta

Essentials of Physical Diagnosis of the Thorax $24.74 Used – Excerpt from book: THE AORTIC valve lies close to the left sternal line, behind the third intercostal space. AURICULO-VENTRICULAR VALVES. THE TRICUSPID valve lies behind the meso-sternal line about the level of the fourth costal cartilage. THE BICUSPID or mitral valve lies about one inch to the left of the sternum behind the third intercostal space. LANDMABKS OF THE AORTA. The aorta is most superficial in the right second intercostal space at the edge of the sternum. The arch of the aorta

Essentials of Physical Diagnosis of the Thorax $14.76 New – Excerpt from book: THE AORTIC valve lies close to the left sternal line, behind the third intercostal space. AURICULO-VENTRICULAR VALVES. THE TRICUSPID valve lies behind the meso-sternal line about the level of the fourth costal cartilage. THE BICUSPID or mitral valve lies about one inch to the left of the sternum behind the third intercostal space. LANDMABKS OF THE AORTA. The aorta is most superficial in the right second intercostal space at the edge of the sternum. The arch of the aorta

Essentials of Physical Diagnosis of the Thorax $25.67 Used – Excerpt from book: THE AORTIC valve lies close to the left sternal line, behind the third intercostal space. AURICULO-VENTRICULAR VALVES. THE TRICUSPID valve lies behind the meso-sternal line about the level of the fourth costal cartilage. THE BICUSPID or mitral valve lies about one inch to the left of the sternum behind the third intercostal space. LANDMABKS OF THE AORTA. The aorta is most superficial in the right second intercostal space at the edge of the sternum. The arch of the aorta

Essentials of Physical Diagnosis of the Thorax $17.54 New – Excerpt from book: THE AORTIC valve lies close to the left sternal line, behind the third intercostal space. AURICULO-VENTRICULAR VALVES. THE TRICUSPID valve lies behind the meso-sternal line about the level of the fourth costal cartilage. THE BICUSPID or mitral valve lies about one inch to the left of the sternum behind the third intercostal space. LANDMABKS OF THE AORTA. The aorta is most superficial in the right second intercostal space at the edge of the sternum. The arch of the aorta

Essentials of Physical Diagnosis of the Thorax $14.76 Used – Excerpt from book: THE AORTIC valve lies close to the left sternal line, behind the third intercostal space. AURICULO-VENTRICULAR VALVES. THE TRICUSPID valve lies behind the meso-sternal line about the level of the fourth costal cartilage. THE BICUSPID or mitral valve lies about one inch to the left of the sternum behind the third intercostal space. LANDMABKS OF THE AORTA. The aorta is most superficial in the right second intercostal space at the edge of the sternum. The arch of the aorta

Essentials of Physical Diagnosis of the Thorax $25.67 New – Excerpt from book: THE AORTIC valve lies close to the left sternal line, behind the third intercostal space. AURICULO-VENTRICULAR VALVES. THE TRICUSPID valve lies behind the meso-sternal line about the level of the fourth costal cartilage. THE BICUSPID or mitral valve lies about one inch to the left of the sternum behind the third intercostal space. LANDMABKS OF THE AORTA. The aorta is most superficial in the right second intercostal space at the edge of the sternum. The arch of the aorta

Essentials of Physical Diagnosis of the Thorax $17.54 Used – Excerpt from book: THE AORTIC valve lies close to the left sternal line, behind the third intercostal space. AURICULO-VENTRICULAR VALVES. THE TRICUSPID valve lies behind the meso-sternal line about the level of the fourth costal cartilage. THE BICUSPID or mitral valve lies about one inch to the left of the sternum behind the third intercostal space. LANDMABKS OF THE AORTA. The aorta is most superficial in the right second intercostal space at the edge of the sternum. The arch of the aorta

Essentials of Physical Diagnosis of the Thorax $13.2 Used – Excerpt from book: THE AORTIC valve lies close to the left sternal line, behind the third intercostal space. AURICULO-VENTRICULAR VALVES. THE TRICUSPID valve lies behind the meso-sternal line about the level of the fourth costal cartilage. THE BICUSPID or mitral valve lies about one inch to the left of the sternum behind the third intercostal space. LANDMABKS OF THE AORTA. The aorta is most superficial in the right second intercostal space at the edge of the sternum. The arch of the aorta

Essentials of Physical Diagnosis of the Thorax (1899) $13.2 New – Excerpt from book: THE AORTIC valve lies close to the left sternal line, behind the third intercostal space. AURICULO-VENTRICULAR VALVES. THE TRICUSPID valve lies behind the meso-sternal line about the level of the fourth costal cartilage. THE BICUSPID or mitral valve lies about one inch to the left of the sternum behind the third intercostal space. LANDMABKS OF THE AORTA. The aorta is most superficial in the right second intercostal space at the edge of the sternum. The arch of the aorta

Essentials of Physical Diagnosis of the Thorax (1899) $16.39 New – Excerpt from book: THE AORTIC valve lies close to the left sternal line, behind the third intercostal space. AURICULO-VENTRICULAR VALVES. THE TRICUSPID valve lies behind the meso-sternal line about the level of the fourth costal cartilage. THE BICUSPID or mitral valve lies about one inch to the left of the sternum behind the third intercostal space. LANDMABKS OF THE AORTA. The aorta is most superficial in the right second intercostal space at the edge of the sternum. The arch of the aorta

Valvular Heart Disease: A Companion to Braunwald’s Heart Disease $199.95 Valvular Heart Disease is now an even better source for all your questions on dysfunctions or abnormalities of the heart’s four valves. In the third edition, Catherine Otto is joined by Robert Bonow and a team of expert contributors to bring you the latest developments in imaging and treatment. The full-color images and illustrations reflect the cutting-edge imaging and diagnostic modalities—Doppler echo and MR—that are so important for diagnosing aortic valve defects. Superb diagrams, an increased focus on imaging and case-based presentation, and new chapters—on Cardiac MR and CT imaging for valvular heart disease; Genetic, molecular and cellular mechanisms of valvular disease; Bicuspid aortic valve disease; and Ischemic mitral regurgitation—further enhance this valuable reference. And, the full text is available online at expertconsult.com where you can search the entire contents.Presents comprehensive coverage of valvular heart disease to provide you with a complete reference and one-stop shop for this specialty in cardiac medicine.Provides complete guidance on how and why to surgically treat valve patients for a reliable manual on managing difficult cases.Features chapters on pediatric and pregnant patients so you know what considerations to take into account when treating these special populations.Provides access to the fully searchable text online at expertconsult.com.Introduces Robert Bonow as an editor, who joins Catherine Otto and the team of expert authors to provide you with guidance from leaders in the field.Features new chapters—Genetic, molecular and cellular mechanisms of valvular disease; Bicuspid aortic valve disease; and Ischemic mitral regurgitation—for the latest in cutting-edge research and clinical data.Reflects the latest in imaging modalities in the new section on cardiac MR and CT imaging for valvular

Valvular Heart Disease: A Companion to Braunwald’s Heart Disease: Expert Consult – Online and Print $199.95 Valvular Heart Disease is now an even better source for all your questions on dysfunctions or abnormalities of the heart’s four valves. In the third edition, Catherine Otto is joined by Robert Bonow and a team of expert contributors to bring you the latest developments in imaging and treatment. The full-color images and illustrations reflect the cutting-edge imaging and diagnostic modalities—Doppler echo and MR—that are so important for diagnosing aortic valve defects. Superb diagrams, an increased focus on imaging and case-based presentation, and new chapters—on Cardiac MR and CT imaging for valvular heart disease; Genetic, molecular and cellular mechanisms of valvular disease; Bicuspid aortic valve disease; and Ischemic mitral regurgitation—further enhance this valuable reference. And, the full text is available online at expertconsult.com where you can search the entire contents.Presents comprehensive coverage of valvular heart disease to provide you with a complete reference and one-stop shop for this specialty in cardiac medicine.Provides complete guidance on how and why to surgically treat valve patients for a reliable manual on managing difficult cases.Features chapters on pediatric and pregnant patients so you know what considerations to take into account when treating these special populations.Provides access to the fully searchable text online at expertconsult.com.Introduces Robert Bonow as an editor, who joins Catherine Otto and the team of expert authors to provide you with guidance from leaders in the field.Features new chapters—Genetic, molecular and cellular mechanisms of valvular disease; Bicuspid aortic valve disease; and Ischemic mitral regurgitation—for the latest in cutting-edge research and clinical data.Reflects the latest in imaging modalities in the new section on cardiac MR and CT imaging for valvular